91ÒùĸÊÓƵ

Dr. Frederick G. Banting, Dr. Charles H. Best, Dr. James B. Collip (who is on sabbatical from the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ), and Dr. John R. MacLeod collaborate at the University of Toronto on the discovery and purification of insulin.

Drs. Banting and MacLeod are awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine, which they respectively share with Dr. Best and Dr. Collip.

Sir Harold Percival Himsworth postulates that diabetes falls into two categories based on insulin insensitivity.

Identification of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

First pancreatic transplant performed at the University of Manitoba.

Dr. Ray V. Rajotte, a biomedical engineer, is cross-appointed to the Departments of Medicine and Surgery within the Faculty of Medicine at the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ with a specific research interest in the cryopreservation and transplantation of islets. He begins his research work with Dr. Molnar on hepatic glucose production.

The 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Heritage Foundation for Medical 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ (AHFMR) is established under Dr. Lionel McLeod by the Hon. Peter Lougheed with a $300 million dollar endowment. AHFMR has provided essential grant and salary support to diabetes researchers in 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ for over 25 years.

Dr. Ray Rajotte and Dr. Garth L. Warnock successfully isolate pure islets from dog pancreases, thus setting the stage for the clinical islet transplant program to follow.

The Muttart Foundation donates $1.2 million to establish the Muttart Diabetes 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ and Training Centre (MDRTC) at the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ, facilitating the recruitment of Dr. Edmond A. Ryan in 1983 and Dr. Alex Rabinovitch, a researcher in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes, in 1988. Dr. Rabinovitch and Dr. Molnar are co-directors of the MDRTC.

The Islet Transplantation Group is founded at the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ with Dr. Ray Rajotte named as the group's Director. Dr. Norman M. Kneteman, a liver transplant specialist, joins the group in 1985.

Dr. Edmond A. Ryan conducts a pioneering study identifying insulin resistance of pregnancy and the role of pregnant hormones in gestational diabetes. Dr. Ryan plays a leading role in the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ's transplant research and becomes Medical Director of the Clinical Islet Transplant Program in 1998.

First human islet transplant procedure in Canada is completed by the Islet Transplantation Group. The third patient receiving the procedure remains insulin-free for two and a half years after receiving a combination of fresh and cryopreserved islets.

Dr. Gregory S. Korbutt, a former graduate student of Dr. Rajotte's, is recruited back to Edmonton to join the Department of Surgery and the Islet Transplantation Group with a strong research background in islet physiology and new sources of islet tissue.

Dr. Jonathan R. T. Lakey returns to the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ where he had previously trained in large animal and clinical isolation and cryopreservation under Dr. Rajotte and Dr. Warnock and is appointed Director of the Clinical Islet Isolation Laboratory.

Dr. A. M. James Shapiro comes to Edmonton from the United Kingdom to do a Transplant Fellowship and PhD in experimental surgery under Dr. Norman M. Kneteman and is persuaded to stay. With his background as a multi-organ transplant surgeon with experience in clinical immunosuppression and experimental islet transplant research, Dr. Shapiro is named Director of the Clinical Islet Transplant Program.

New England Medical Journal advances publication of the "Edmonton Protocol" article written by eight members of the Islet Transplantation Group (Drs. James Shapiro, Jonathan Lakey, Edmond Ryan, Gregory Korbutt, Ellen Toth, Garth Warnock, Norman Kneteman, and Ray Rajotte) six weeks before schedule for the June issue. The Edmonton Protocol increases islet transplant success rates from 8% to 100% at the one year mark by using a non-corticosteroid treatment regime, and 11,000 islets/kg of patient weight.

Clinical Trials of the Edmonton Protocol begin in ten clinical centres. By 2006, more than 550 patients will be treated using the Edmonton Protocol in approximately 50 clinical centres around the world.

91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Foundation for Diabetes 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ commits $10 million capital fundraising to HRIF-East campaign and renames itself the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Diabetes Foundation. In response to their generous gift commitment, the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ offer to rename the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Diabetes Institute and commit space in HRIF-East for the Foundation office.

Dr. Ray Rajotte is named Interim Scientific Director of the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Diabetes Institute, (and made permanent Scientific Director in 2004). Mr. Brian Manning of TkMC Consulting Ltd. is contracted to act as Interim Executive Director of the ADI prior to the hiring of a permanent Executive Director.

Grand opening of the new 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Diabetes Institute. The 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Diabetes Institute officially opens its doors in the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Innovation. 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Premier Ed Stelmach and U of A President Indira Samarasekera tour the facility accompanied by several other delegates from the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Government and the 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ.

The Edmonton Protocol celebrates its 10^th anniversary at a luncheon to commemorate the occasion, President Indira Samarasekera said: "This discovery undoubtedly has had a dramatic influence on the reputation of the U of A around the world. With the incredible success of that first breakthrough came the global recognition that this university is a major centre for diabetes research," she said. "Suddenly we had the world's attention".

Grand opening of the Clinical 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Unit - The 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Diabetes Institute is happy to announce the grand opening of its Clinical 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Unit (CRU) in the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Innovation. The new, 8000 ft² facility encompasses researchers from a variety of disciplines and incorporates studies focusing on diabetes, obesity, metabolism and nutrition. The multidisciplinary unit houses cutting edge equipment and serves as a place where basic and clinical scientists can work together to perform translational studies. The Clinical 91ÒùĸÊÓƵ Unit facilitates the translation of basic research findings into meaningful health outcomes.